impresonment is more humane than capitol punishment :: essays research papers

â€Å"Norma Rae† is a film dependent on a genuine story set in a Southern plant town. The title character and individual plant laborers start a part of the Textile Workers Union of America using authority. The two characters of Norma Rae and Reuben Warshofsky consolidate their gifts to enable and lead the individuals of the factory from discouraged laborers to proactive endorsers. When Rueben first happens upon the town, he finds the chiefs of the factory harsh to their laborers. Individuals have no rights. They make little wages. They work extended periods of time. Rueben begins the upset for the plant laborers by motivating Norma Rae through Superleadership. Norma Rae thus engages and inspires the plant laborers to achieve their shared objective: an association. Superleadership happens when a pioneer drives others to lead themselves. Superleadership is fitting for Reuben Warshofsky on the grounds that it applies well to authoritative pioneers. Reuben is a delegate of the Textile Workers Union of America. He came to Norma Rae’s town to begin an association at her plant. For his business to succeed, Reuben should have the option to begin the call for association, and leave the territory sure that the reason is in acceptable hands. Superleadership is intended to encourage the pioneer inside each person. A pioneer who practices Superleadership isn't really a â€Å"charismatic† pioneer. He may have a set vision and incredible rhetoric abilities, however he doesn't prompt be followed or complied. He leads with the goal that others can lead themselves and better themselves all the while. Superleadership expands the HR of an association. On account of â€Å"Norma Rae,† it boosted Norma’s capacity to have a voice. In Superleadership, the force is shared. While Reuben began the association development, he imparted a common obligation to Norma Rae once she was up to speed. Supporters lead since they need to. They have a stake in what they do. They accept their activities are for a more prominent reason. A Superleader creates self-administration through remuneration and useful censure. He cultivates a domain where individuals can be allowed to investigate their capacities and increase trust in what they find. This condition is fundamental to Superleadership. Just in an open domain would this be able to sort of administration utilize the intensity and information on the devotees. It is the obligation of the Superleader to helpâ develop a group’s abilities once power is isolated among the adherents. Self-authority can be educated through Superleadership. Individuals are not â€Å"born† to lead. They need not be taught to be inspired or to learn. A Superleader gives a self-pioneer bearing. He orientates the individual with the circumstance and investigates the gifts and aptitudes important to take care of business. Reuben Warshofsky rehearses Superleadership on Norma Rae. He is a work coordinator searching for help in a town that is oblivious of associations. The principal individual he meets is Norma Rae. She is a thirty-one year-old average workers mother of three. She is inadequately taught and going no place quick. Her two kids were by two unique men. Just toward the start of the film does she brake off her relationship with a wedded man. Men abuse her in her life. Her managers at work persecute her. They care not for her mom when she goes hard of hearing. They dismiss each endeavor Norma Rae makes to improve working conditions. She is a lady battered by life, however above everything she uncovers an intense comprehension of the world. â€Å"You lie with hounds, you get fleas.† She advises this to Reuben on their second gathering not long after the wedded man slapped her. Reuben sees this glint of life in her and offers her expectation when he says, â€Å"I think you’re to sh rewd for what’s happening to you.† Reuben in the end drives Norma to self-authority. Reuben tells Norma Rae the manner in which things could be at the plant and she is roused. He clarifies that the material business is the main business not unionized. Reuben says to individuals at the main church meeting that things won't change, â€Å"not except if you make it happen.† Reuben urges the individuals to go along with him and offer in the objective to unionize the plant. Norma Rae is the one in particular who acknowledges the demand from the start. Reuben gives Norma a voice. He shows her how to battle for an association. She begins by marking an association card. She at that point wears an association catch and passes out others. The lady before was pushed around and uneducated. Presently she is composing reports, making duplicates, and cold pitching her kindred specialists; for the purpose of the association. Reuben’s Superleadership stretches out to things outside of the association. She starts to peruse Dylan Thomas. She permits blacks and whites to visit her home together. Norma makes her ownâ decisions. Her cleric affronts her when he won't permit a bi-racial gathering and immediately, leaves the congregation. At the point when her new spouse is annoyed with her tedious work, she hollers back at him, and he regards her for it. Norma Rae no longer permits individuals to push her around. Her supervisors at work ceaselessly attempt to cause her to stop: they make endeavors at character death; they work her dad truly to death; through everything Norma Rae continues on. The administration posted a sign on the announcement load up to infuriate against association notion. They attempt to prevent her from replicating it and she reacts, â€Å"I began it, I’m going to complete it!† Norma Rae gives her self-initiative by confronting the administrators of the plant. She fills a more serious need that they can't vanquish. She advanced as an individual through Reuben’s direction. At the point when times were tense, he was there to commend her or to sit her down and berate her . She was captured not long after she replicated the notice board and she was in tears. Reuben disclosed to her that she had only a sample of what was to come. He arranged her for the fight, and gave her the aptitudes to battle it herself. The way ends up being a difficult task, yet Norma Rae can empower and persuade her supporters at the plant. She bears pressure from the executives, disdain from factory laborers and doubt from her better half, however she remains consistent with her objective. She persuaded individuals utilizing situational approaches. She changed certain parts of the circumstance so as to fit the necessities of the devotees. Her methods for inspiration were extraordinary and different, however it fit best under the title of the operant methodology. The operant methodology adjusts prizes and disciplines dependent on noticeable conduct. On the off chance that someone’s bearing, force, or tirelessness should be changed, a prize or discipline is conveyed. On account of Norma Rae, on the off chance that somebody helps the association, they can envision a more promising time to come. On the off chance that somebody precludes unionization from securing the plant, they will keep on working extended p eriods for resource pay. Norma Rae has her own arrangement of remunerations and disciplines. She knows the laborers at her factory. She addresses them as a companion, a companion who thinks about them by and by. Her prize can be a commendation or an inquiry concerning a friend or family member. Through Reuben she built up the capacity to impact individuals by methods for sweet talk. She constrains individuals to chip in their time for the association development with the goal that their youngsters can carry on with a superior life than they do. Norma knows whatâ makes individuals tick and she utilizes this information to persuade the individuals to her motivation. At the point when her dad bites the dust at the plant, he turns into an advanced saint to unite behind with expectations of a more promising time to come. The plant laborers follow Norma Rae not on the grounds that she is a holy person; they are aware of her speedy temper and sexual history. They follow her since she is enthusiastic about her motivation. The more certain Norma becomes in her job, the more she typifies her motivation. She doesn't profess to be anybody yet herself, however she holds the association to better expectations. She can order the devotion of her companions but stay equivalent to them. Her enthusiasm is the thing that forces them to follow. At long last she gives them their most prominent prize: they become an association. She yielded her jobâ€and nearly her marriageâ€to carry her objective to fulfillment. The association banter boiled down to a vote, 427 to 373 for an association. This nearby polling form likely picked up the extra required votes because of Norma’s most paramount snapshot of self-authority and inspiration. In the peak of the film, Norma Rae scribbles â€Å"union† onto a board and moves upon a table. The sign is held over her head for three long minutes. She remains on the table ready to forfeit all that she has for the association. She remains on the table holding up a word that is a guarantee for a superior life. On the table, terrified yet decided, she rouses her associates. Individually they turn off their machines. A story that one second was a hum of clamors and development is decreased to a stunning quietness. Norma exhibits the force an individual can need to persuade individuals when they accept so completely in their motivation. â€Å"Norma Rae† is a superb case of Superleadership and the inspiration methods of a pioneer. The excursion of the factory begins with Reuben Warshofsky and his effect on Norma Rae. She thusly increases self-administration and can utilize it to propel her friends to unionize. It is administration from the base up. It is a case of the courage of people when they can channel their capacity and sort out change. It is a case of the change that can be made when supported by the quality of numerous capable adherents.

The Ultimate Sin Exposed in Geothes Faust Essay -- Geothe Faust

Geothe's Faust is comparative from various perspectives to both Dante's Inferno and Milton's Paradise Lost. The undeniable closeness is the way each work identifies with insidiousness or Hell. Different likenesses incorporate how the antagonists of two of these stories are the most affable characters, and the utilization of old style and Christian folklore in every sonnet. Faust manages underhanded when he makes an arrangement with Mephistopheles, or Satan. This arrangement is that Mephistopheles will give Faust anything he desires as a byproduct of his (Faust's) soul. Inferno is an excursion through some serious hardship. Dante is being lead by his guide, Virgil, through the frigid pieces of Hell, to the focal point of the earth, while he scales Satan's legs into Heaven. Heaven Lost is about how Satan is recently thrown out of Heaven and simply becoming acclimated to his environmental factors, which is an increasingly conventional heater like Hell not at all like the one in Inferno. Â â â â â â â â â â â Mephistopheles, who is as far as anyone knows Satan, in Faust, and the Satan depicted in Paradise Lost are the most agreeable characters in these plays. Faust appears even more a scoundrel than Mephistopheles, which is extremely unexpected. Satan is portrayed as an underhandedness, controlling evil spirit, however Mephistopheles isn't generally similar to that. He manipulates Faust somehow or another, as with the agreement of Faust selling his spirit, yet Mephistopheles has minimal more force than a normal individual. Likewise, in the start of the play, when he converses with The Lord, he doesn't act genuine by any means. He really discloses to The Lord that he enjoys Sunday's a result of the harmony and calm. In Paradise Lost, Satan makes God look more malevolent than (Satan) himself. Satan suggests that God is a slave master, and that it would be smarter to reign in Hell at that point serve in Heaven. They are viewed as the more affable characters becau... ...your readiness to request pardoning) and deeds you have done. He likewise utilizes imagery through characters in the work to communicate the idea of man. He infers that man has the ability to know the distinction and pick among great and malice but since man is defective he will undoubtedly commits errors. He infers that since a definitive sin is putting yourself on a level equivalent to God, devout people who judge others, feeling that they are higher than them are setting themselves perilously near being equivalent with God in their suspicion they have the ability to pass judgment on individuals. This shows lip service on the grounds that these individuals accept that they are following God precisely yet in actuality they are taking it excessively far and submitting one of the most noticeably terrible sins you can submit. Geothe appears to infer these things and increasingly dependent on your own understanding of the work. Â

Essay --

In Defense of Terror and Liberty This article is an outline of the initial two parts of â€Å"In Defense of Terror and Liberty.† It takes into insight significant focuses brought by the book up as to the French Revolution. The initial segment of the synopsis manages part 1 of the book while the subsequent one sums up section 2 of a similar book. The primary part to examine is â€Å"The Emotions in the Demand for Terror.† To the French individuals, the Revolution was a national venture which was to be embraced by all bonafide residents of the nation. Likewise, they saw the Revolution as a battle to shield their fundamental rights. This part of this book presents a ton of focuses regarding the Revolution. The primary point is that the people’s sentiments are intently attached to occasions which further inspired more responses. One of such occasions occurred in 1793: the demise of Marat. In the citation, â€Å"the passing of Marat stirred a sentiment of fear in the individuals of Paris. This fear was at first sublimated in the structure taken by Marat’s memorial service function, before being transformed into a mainstream interest for retribution and terror.† In the citation over, the occasions that was intently attached to the interest for retribution is the way Marat’s passing. Evidently, Marat was a revolutionist who passed on while battling for what they had faith in. The way Marat kicked the bucket inspired fear, which is one of the fundamental fixings that bound together the individuals to demand for the expansion of dread to their barrier while shielding themselves against their adversaries. To have a strong grasp of why fear was a boost, it is fundamental to comprehend the people’s confidence concerning opportunity. The subsequent point featured by this section is that the demise of a saint is considered as a disaster which requests ve... ...t not be contaminated by anybody. Endeavors to do so were met with a battle. These are featured by clashes among revolutionists. Having perused the book, I think that its both specialized and fascinating to peruse. It is specialized in light of the fact that the selections of words and sentence structure were first rate and endeavors were not saved at making the paper intriguing. Further, in the wake of perusing the book, it appeared as though I was perusing the French Revolution just because on the grounds that it gave itemized investigation of realities which could without much of a stretch evade people in general. Decisively, I had ‘enough’ information on the Revolution before perusing this book. Be that as it may, I had not perused these pieces of the Revolution before in any book. The initial scarcely any realities I experienced in part one spark my interest to peruse further. In the end, I read the book and feel increasingly proficient on the Revolution which shook France.

Teaching Children of Different Abilities Together

Showing Children of Different Abilities Together Free Online Research Papers These days in numerous spots, training assets are appropriated for the most part similarly among offspring of various ages, distinctive knowledge level. A few people propose it is useful to isolate youthful understudies into various classes as indicated by specific guidelines, for example, their knowledge levels. As I would see it, the view might be impeding and unreasonable in a few factors as follows: In any case, partition in training as indicated by specific characteristics of a childs insight would be hurtful to both more grounded understudies and more vulnerable ones. Aside from these, knowledge isn't the main existing variable when setting out assessment plans or guideline, numerous viewpoints should impact the improvement of small kids. Moreover, the view can be said to have numerous entanglements in itself, regarding achievability, unwavering quality, and financially wastefulness. Once did, an assessment framework and related checking and assessment models would need to be built up and executed, which would initiate numerous contentions among various areas and various positions. On the opposite side, numerous family unit and kids would need to pay for recently developing expenses, came about because of transportation, convenience and every day diet. All in all, I accept that it is pointless and unreasonable to designate understudy and instruction assets to a specific standard, for example, knowledge or something similarly. Not exclusively might it be able to sabotage our instruction framework and goals, yet in addition it would disregards certain laws and declarations that ensure the equivalent chances of each person in our general public. Research Papers on Teaching Children of Different Abilities TogetherStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL investigation of IndiaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andResearch Process Part OneIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Media Worldview Essay Example

Media Worldview Essay Liquor Cain March 2, 2013 CVW 101 G. Malloy Media Worldview The film I picked was It’s A Wonderful Life. It is one of my preferred motion pictures. I think it’s a work of art and everybody should watch it in any event once. The film depends on the life of George Bailey. You know from the earliest starting point that the perspective is Christian since it begins with everybody petitioning God for George. George is a disturbed man going through a tough time and a heavenly attendant named Clarence Odbody comes down to give him how various his life would be in the event that he had never been conceived. Clarence needs to spare George so he can acquire his wings. The head blessed messengers Franklin and Joseph show Clarence Georges life up till now. George lives in New Bedford, NY. It’s an unassuming community where everybody knows everybody. George’s father possesses the Bailey Building and Loan Association. From when George was a youngster to his grown-up life the Bailey Building and Loan Association is at risk for leaving business. George Bailey is the kind of individual who forfeits his own fantasies for those of others. At the point when George was 12 he spared his child sibling Harry after he falls into a solidified lake. We will compose a custom exposition test on Media Worldview explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Media Worldview explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Media Worldview explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer He wound up losing his stud subsequent to getting a cold from being in the freezing water. George worked at the neighborhood drug store. He understood that the pharmacist, Mr. Gower, has recently gotten a message saying that his child had kicked the bucket. He was troubled to such an extent that he put poison in a pill expected to be given to a youngster. George sees this and doesn’t convey the medication. The pharmacist is distraught to such an extent that he hits George in his terrible ear. George at that point discloses to Mr. Gower that he committed an error. Mr. Gower pardons George. In the wake of graduating secondary school George goes to work at the Bailey Building to set aside cash to head off to college. It takes him 4 years and his sibling Harry is presently moving on from secondary school. George’s father wishes he could send both of his children to school simultaneously. George clarifies that Harry can do a similar thing as he has done. George goes to observe Harry’s graduation. He hits the dance floor with Mary Hatch who really likes George for a considerable length of time. One of the different folks who was after Mary was disturbed that George took her from him so he pulls a trick on them. Underneath the move floor opens up to a pool. George and Mary were moving on the break of the floor. At the point when the floor begins to open George and Mary are uninformed and imagine that they should move each great. They fall in and begin moving in the pool. Everybody perceive how much fun they are having so they hop in. That equivalent night George’s father passes on from a stroke. George needs to require his arrangements on observing the world to be postponed to run his father’s organization. Harry and Mary head out to school deserting George. Four years Harry comes back with a spouse whose father has given him a fantastic open door that George can’t let Harry leave behind. George goes to visit Mary and maintains his adoration to her and a couple of months after the fact they get hitched. After their wedding the Bailey Building is going to be abandoned upon and George and Mary take the $2000 put something aside for their vacation and offer it to the clients. George and Mary have four kids: Pete, Susan, Tommy, and Zuzu. George building Bailey Park a reasonable lodging venture. On the day the bank inspector comes George’s uncle Billy has lost the $8000 they owe. They attempt and follow down his tracks yet don't discover the cash. George attempts to get an advance and comes up short. He lashes out at his family since he is so distressed. It’s Christmas Eve and he chose to go to the bar and become inebriated. He runs is vehicle into a tree and feels he would be worth more dead than alive and remains on the extension going to hop. Clarence his heavenly attendant shows George Potterville. George sees his life merits something and heads home. He is welcomed with loved ones giving him cash to spare him from bank extortion. Clarence had the option to get his wings. You realize his happens when George’s girl hears a chime and says, â€Å"Every time a ringer rings a blessed messenger gets his wings. †

What Your Supplemental Essays Are Really Asking - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts

What Your Supplemental Essays Are Really Asking - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts What Your Supplemental Essays Are Really Asking What Your Supplemental Essays Are Really Asking We have bad news and good news. The bad news is that the Common App personal statement, while important, is not the only essay you have to write; in fact, by now you may have noticed that many of your schools have one or two (or five) supplemental writing requirements. And if you’re applying to more than 10 schools, well, the math isn’t pretty. (But maybe we’re just biased against math.) The good news is that supplemental essays present a uniquely targeted opportunity for you to show admissions why you and your target school are a perfect fit. And to make things easier, we made you a guide that will help you decode two of the most common types of supplemental essay questions and mine for the most creative responses. The Activity Essay Aside from the infamous “Why here?” question, the activity essay may be the most common supplemental gremlin out there. In its typical form, this question will ask you to write an expanded description of one activity for your list. The assignment seems easy enough, but wait. Don’t you think Harvard already knows how soccer works or what the yearbook is? Why would admissions ask a question they already knew the answer to? The activity essay is not merely asking for a run-through of the rules of Lincoln Douglas debating, but for a deeper understanding of your interests and motivations. So, the key to answering this question is not necessarily to pick your most impressive-sounding or longest-running activity. Instead, pick an activity that you really enjoy and see yourself continuing in college. Ultimately, this essay should help an admissions officer understand the relationship you will have with their school, whether as an improv savant or student government rockstar. This is your opportunity to connect your own interests to the offerings on campus and demonstrate that you belong at whatever school you may be applying to. The Community Essay This can be a tricky one, so let’s take a look at Duke’s optional 2015 community prompt: “Duke University seeks a talented, engaged student body that embodies the wide range of human experience; we believe that the diversity of our students makes our community stronger. If youd like to share a perspective you bring or experiences youve had to help us understand you betterâ€"perhaps related to a community you belong to, your sexual orientation or gender identity, or your family or cultural backgroundâ€"we encourage you to do so. Real people are reading your application, and we want to do our best to understand and appreciate the real people applying to Duke. (250 words maximum)” Wow. That’s a big and intimidating mouthful, and many applicants, regardless of background, may believe that they do not belong to a unique community. Some applicants may not know where to begin defining their community, and some may find it difficult to reduce their experiences into membership in a single community. The amazing thing about communities, though, is that they are everywhere. Duke provides a few examples, but community is so much more than “sexual orientation or gender identity, or your family or cultural background.” So, before you dive into a community essay, spend some time brainstorming to expand your definition of community. What kinds of groups â€"  interest, faith, heritage â€" do you consider yourself a part of? Or, stepping back, what do you think are some of the most important parts of your personality that you have not yet had the opportunity to display? Where did they come from? Chances are a community (or, more likely, many communities) have helped shape you into who you are today, so don’t limit yourself to traditional definitions. Ultimately, your goal, as with the activity essay, is to share something about your social habits. Demonstrate not just who you are, but who you might be on campus. About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth » Want help with your supplements? Give College Essay Academy a Try. WATCH CHAPTER 1 FOR FREE »

Functioning as a Noun Examples

Functioning as a Noun Examples Functioning as a Noun A prepositional phrase, which shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun that is the object of the preposition and another word in the sentence, often functions as an adjective or an adverb in the sentence. However, sometimes, a prepositional phrase can function as a noun. Examples of Functioning as a Noun: A prepositional phrase functioning as a noun is very rare, but you need to recognize it when it does happen. A prepositional phrase functioning as a noun will usually be the subject of a sentence, and less often as a predicate noun renaming the subject. Be careful! Sometimes prepositional phrases do follow be verbs, but often, they are telling you where something is, so they are functioning as adverbs. Examples of prepositional phrases functioning as nouns: 1) On a boat is where I want to be. 2) After the party will be too late for us to go to the movies. 3) Beyond the backyard is marshland. 4) Under the couch is an abyss where toys are lost. 5) Over the rainbow sounds like a nice place. 6) The time I will be happy is after the party. 7) Where I want to be is on a boat. 8) During the play is not the time to go to the restroom. 9) During the game is when I noticed the ant bite. 10)At the park is a fun place to play.

Cu1565 Promote Creativity and Creative Essay - 2017 Words

CU1565 Promote Creativity and Creative Learning in Young Children 1.1 - Analyse the differences between creative learning and creativity. Creative learning is about how children are actively involved in their own learning, and their ability to make choices and decisions. This can be achieved through providing a creative environment, allowing exploration through play and praising creative efforts. Creativity is about risk taking and making connections, allowing children to explore and express themselves through a variety of media or materials including, dance, music, making things, drawing, painting and make believe and to make new things emerge as a result. Being creative is strongly linked to play and can emerge through a child†¦show more content†¦2.1 - Demonstrate in own practice how to promote creativity and creative learning. For example, during a cooking activity children are learning many skills through the creative process. They may feel happy and excited about creating their own food. They are sociable by working with adults to assist them and cooking for their friends or family members. By following instructions either written or verbal and measuring quantities they are being allowed to develop intellectually. Knowing when to ask for help and starting a dialogue around what they are doing and using can help develop communication skills especially listening and taking direction. Finally all the mixing, chopping, kneading and picking up small cut up pieces are physically developing the fine motor skills, hand eye co-ordination and building hand and arm muscles. 2.2 - Explain why young children require extended and unhurried periods of time to develop their creativity. An unhurried period of creativity gives children time to explore and experiment with materials and use them in their own way. It also allows children to do their best work by moving from popular to more original ideas and being able to come back to it at a later date to finish. 3.1 - Explain the feature of an environment that supports creativity and creative learning. A creative environment needs to allow children easy access to different materials and be able to move these from one place to another. It is not just about

The Effect Of The Reformation On The Roman Catholic Church

The Effect of the Reformation on the Roman Catholic Church The Roman Catholic Church grew from an outlawed and persecuted religion to a well-organized and powerful ruling body in the western world. After the death of Jesus of Nazareth his disciples begin to spread his teachings of love and salvation through a single God. However, early Christians quickly became seen as a threat to the most powerful Empire at the time; Rome. Being monotheistic they refused to offer sacrifice to state ran cults and as pacifist they refused to join the army. The Roman Empires power laid in both the military and taxation so early Christians became the targets of persecution. In 64 CE Rome declares Christianity illegal and it remained so for almost three hundred years. However, Christianity doesn’t die and when Emperor Constantine made Christianity legal with the Edict of Milan 313 the church grew quickly. Later Emperor Theodosius declares Catholic Christianity the official religion of Rome and ban s paganism. From here the Catholic Church grew in power and influence becoming the single most powerful institution the western world. Socially it controlled the everyday lives of people and played a major role in the governing of those same people. Institutionally the church was well organized and based on hierarchy operating like an empire similar to the one that tried to destroy it early in its history. Thanks to this the church also wielded tremendous governing power. However, this all changedShow MoreRelatedThe Reformation And The Reformation1421 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Catholic Church many people were dissatisfied about their faith during the Renaissance. This led to a period called the Reformation, which began in 1517. The Reformation was led by radical critics Martin Luther and John Calvin, who questioned the teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church, due to their selling of indulgences and stray from the Bible. The Reformation started in central Europe and spre ad to encompass most of the continent, during which time people left the Roman CatholicRead MoreCounter Reformation And The Counter Reformation849 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle about Catholic Reformation, and it wrote that â€Å"Counter Reformation, 16th-century reformation that arose largely in answer to the Protestant Reformation; sometimes called the Catholic Reformation. Although the Roman Catholic reformers shared the Protestants revulsion at the corrupt conditions in the church, there was present none of the tradition breaking that characterized Protestantism. The Counter Reformation was led by conservative forces whose aim was both to reform the church and to secureRead MoreEssay about The Historical Impacts of the Protestant Reformation946 Words   |  4 PagesThe Protestant Reformation and European expansion have both left political, social and economic impacts throughout history. The Protestant Reformation which was started in the 1500’s, by a Catholic man named M artin Luther caused political instability and fragmented the Holy Roman Empire. It economically caused the church to go bankrupt and socially allowed for the rise of individualism among the people; Luther gave the people of Europe the long needed reason to break free of the church. The ProtestantRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation971 Words   |  4 Pagesthe corrupted Roman Catholic Church: the English Reformation. The English Reformation wasn’t the only movement that led to the separation from the Catholic Church, though. The Protestant Reformation, starting only ten years before the English Reformation did, first recognized the corruption of the Catholic Church. The English Reformation noticed the corruptions of the Catholic Church, but was more focused on creating new political and religious authority. Both of these reformations relate to oneRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State1632 Words   |  7 Pages2004). This amendment established the separation of church and government that our country was founded on and still practices today. We as Americans are free to practice any religion we chose thanks to our founding fathers. However the separation of church and state in many countries throughout the centuries has not always been practiced. There was a time when the Roman Catholic Church was the church and government for everyone. This monopoly of church and state affected everything it touched until theRead MoreThe Beginning Of The Reformation1476 Words   |  6 PagesTask 1: Describe the beginning of the Reformation in Germany (including who, when, and where). â€Å"The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural uprising that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era. In northern and central Europe, reformers like Martin Luther and Henry VIII challenged papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s ability to define Christian practiceRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Protestant Reformation took place in the 16th century and was a major European movement whose goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. This movement led to people worshipping God as they wanted and no longer relying on the Catholic Church for guidance with religious matters. Even though people were doing what they believed, the Protestant Reformation brought many conflicts. Religious disagreements caused bloody conflicts all over Europe. The principal figureRead MoreThe Decline Of The Protestant Reformation1276 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The Protestant Reformation was a religious act in the 1500’s that split the Christian Church in Western Europe and led to the establishment of many new churches. It effected spiritual thought, philosophy, political work, and the economies of several countries all around the world. The effects of the Reformation can still be felt in modern times. Stimulated by a devout and renowned German Monk, Martin Luther, this reformation sent shockwaves throughout Europe and played a significantRead MoreReformation in Continental Europe and England and Its Consequences1611 Words   |  7 PagesReformation is the religious revolution that took place in Western Europe in the 16th century. It arose from objections to doctrines and practices in the medieval church, loss of papal authority and credibility as well as other societal, political and economical issues of the time. This revolution had a major impact on Europe and it gave way to short term and long-term consequences, which still can be seen today. There were many causes of Reformation, some go as far back as the fourteenth centuryRead MoreThe Catholic Reformation And The Jewish Torah1229 Words   |  5 Pagesfocus on in this essay is the Catholic Reformation. However, whether this reformation can be simply called the Catholic Reformation is a question that needs to be adressed. The Catholic Reformation, also known as the Counter Reformation, was the period of Catholic revival that began with the Council of Trent and ended at the close of the Thirty Years War. The Counter Reformation was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. I believe that the Catholic Reformation would be better described

Project Management Processes And Product Oriented Processes

ITEC 640 Mid Exam Nenna Sanoir October 21, 2016 Introduction The project management processes and product-oriented processes overrun throughout projects. Project management processes are interested in the work of the project and product-oriented processes as needed to produce a product, service, or information system. The project management processes are suitable to most projects. The project management processes are: Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring and Controlling Closing The initiating process defines the business need and the high expectations, resource budgets, and starts to identify those that may play a role in your strategy. The planning process details the project scope, time, resources, and risks, as intended approaches to communications, quality, and management of external acquisitions of goods and services. The working process establishes and guides the project team, communicating with and maintaining project listeners, and implementing the plans. The monitoring and controlling process handles the capture of performance. The closing process concludes in the end of all project activity. Product oriented processes are concerned with generating the project product. Product oriented processes are usually designated by the project life cycle and differ by application area. The product-oriented or the Software Development Life Cycle or SDLC phases are: Planning Design Coding Testing Deployment Maintenance The Planning is theShow MoreRelatedProject Management1673 Words   |  7 Pages2. What are product-oriented processes? Give one example. Product-oriented processes are those, which focus on the tangible results of the project. They require specific domain knowledge, tools, and techniques in order to complete the work. An example would be the creation of a software application package. 4. Describe the initiating processes. Give one example of an initiating process to support a particular phase of oil exploration project methodology. The initiating processRead MoreProject Quality And Quality Management Project926 Words   |  4 PagesQuality is the amount to which a project satisfies the requirements. Project Quality is a set of different criteria and objectives that are inserted into success criteria used by project customers to accept the project results. Project Quality is an explanation of requirements desired by the project clients, and they refer to explanation of: †¢ Relative value of the project results which the customers expect to obtain at certain costs; †¢ Effectiveness of project results gaged by detailed requirementsRead MoreA Project Management Methodology For Managing Projects996 Words   |  4 Pagesability and capability to organize project management could determine the success of an organization. Generally, project managers use formal project management methodology to run projects efficiently. This article describes the explanation of the differences between PMBOK and PRINCE2, the advantages and disadvantages of those models, and the example of a project which use PMBOK methodology. The differences between PMBOK and PRINCE2 â€Å"PMBOK† stands for Project Management Body of Knowledge. PMBOK GuideRead MoreThe Cross-Functional Conflict and Coordination Problems of the EPD Division of Allentown Materials Corporation1101 Words   |  5 Pagesperformance on new product development, service, morale, and decision making. Part of the reason for these issues could be due to declining market conditions and poor divisional performance but there seems to be fundamental organization problems. EPD markets have been shifting as a result of decline in military spending by government. The result has been increasing sales in the computer, telecommunications, and consumer electronics markets, which required rapid development of product extensions at competitiveRead MoreDeveloping Layout Strategies1505 Words   |  7 PagesProduction and Operations Management Chapter 9: Developing Layout Strategies Submitted in partial completion of the requirements For the course Production and Operations Management Submitted by: Dote, Jane Frances A. Submitted to: Dr. Pedrito A. Salvador January 29, 2011 2nd Term, School Year 2010-2011 PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 9: DEVELOPING LAYOUT STRATEGIES The objective of office layout strategy is to develop a cost-effective layout that meets a firm’s competitiveRead MoreA Formal Change Management Process1477 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch and analysis conducted, four key recommendations are offered. Formal change management processes A formal change management process should be developed and implemented in order to allow a consistent methodology, tools and language to be applied to relevant initiatives. Although effective change management also requires the development and application of a unique set of soft skills such as conflict management and negotiation, a formal process would provide the first step in helping employeesRead MoreApplied Project Management : Integrated Change Control1005 Words   |  5 PagesApplied Project Management I 1a Individual Assignment Total words-999words Firstly we shall be defining and explaining the meaning of the integration as defined by PMBOK. So basically Integration management is an essential element of the project management which controls all the aspects of any project. All the processes in a project run quite smoothly and in an oriented way when Project integration is performed properly. Project integration, when properly performed, ensures that all processesRead MoreHigh Performing Innovative And Creative Individual With Over 20 Years Of Experience Essay907 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironment. Participated and led several intensive product developments. Dependable Product Developer bringing management experience and a willingness to take on added responsibility to meet tight deadlines. Enthusiastic team player with a strong work ethic and advanced complex problem-solving skills. Engineering Manager dedicated to continuous process improvement in the face of rapidly evolving and changing markets. Extremely results-oriented and proactive in addressing and resolving problems.Read MoreCase Study of Prostitution1406 Words   |  6 Pagesaccounting, finance, business administration or related field. Relevant experience may substitute for the degree requirement on a year-for-year basis. Eight years of progressively responsible, professional experience related to area of assignment at a management level. Depending on area of assignment, Certified Public Accountant Certification or Certified Purchasing Manager Certification may be strongly preferred or required. KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS Knowledge of: †¢ Managerial principles; †¢Read MoreEvaluation Of A High Energy, Quality And Results Oriented Manager With Extensive Customer Service Essay853 Words   |  4 PagesPROFILE A high energy, quality and results-oriented manager with extensive customer service experience, leading teams to anticipate, respond to and action requests, via phone, email, web and face-to-face interactions. Oversees teams enthusiastically through day-to-day activities and change, focusing on setting clear expectations, effective feedback, training, documentation and standardized best practices. Excellent time management and ability to analyze business challenges critically and apply

A Resemblance Of Harmonious Discord - 919 Words

A Resemblance of Harmonious Discord In eighteenth-century England, the proper use of wit in literary writing was highly regarded. While there are numerous view points on that which truly constitutes wit, the conceptions offered by Joseph Addison and Samuel Johnson are among the most recognized and accepted. On page 2653 of The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Addison’s notions on that which he calls â€Å"true wit† are eloquently reasoned: â€Å"In order therefore that the resemblances in the ideas be wit, it is necessary that the ideas should not lie too near one another in the nature of things; for where the likeness is obvious, it gives no surprise† (Addison 2653). Where â€Å"false wit† deals in the mere association or comparison of one thing to another, â€Å"true wit† offers the reader something unusual—a unique and unexpected â€Å"resemblance of ideas† (Addison 2654). In similar regard, Johnson’s views on wit†”relayed in the aforementioned anthology on page 2948—express a need for more than the mundane, a contradiction to that which is commonly observed: â€Å"But wit, abstracted from its effects upon he hearer, may be more rigorously and philosophically considered as a kind of discordia concors [harmonious discord]; a combination of dissimilar images, or discovery of occult resemblances in things apparently unlike† (Johnson 2948). Though Joseph Addison’s and Samuel Johnson’s notions of true and intellectual wit are discernable within a number of eighteenth-century works, these ideals areShow MoreRelatedTheories of Organizational Behavior10512 Words   |  43 Pagesâ€Å" The Relevance of Adam Smith† by Robert L. Hetzel, he says- â€Å"Both Smith and American statesmen were trying to devise social systems in accord with the spirit of natural law. They believed that the principles of social organization conducive to harmonious relations among men and between men and their government are inherent in and may be deduced from the natural forces that motivate men s behavior.† A constant theme in The Wealth of Nations is the importance of maintaining a strong relationshipRead MoreTheology of the Body32011 Words   |  129 Pagesact [doubtless connected with nuptial meaning of body and call to communion in love]. In 1 Cor 12:18-25, Paul says about the Mystical Body of Christ, â€Å"God has so composed the body, giving the greater honor to the inferior part, that there may be no discord in the body, but that the members may have the same care for one another.† For Paul, the human body is worthy of honor, because man prescientifically â€Å"is† that body, [which is the sign or sacrament of the person]. The body deserves honor because of

The Attitude of Confucius towards Women Free Essays

No one would not recognize that Confucius until now has a great impact not only to China and to its neighbors such as Japan, Korea, and Vietnam but as well as to other countries that his teachings had traveled through. His thoughts had deeply penetrated into their culture believing that they were the right virtues to do for their daily living. But one of his teachings is now questioned and this is his attitude against women. We will write a custom essay sample on The Attitude of Confucius towards Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now Looking ahead†¦ The Attitude of Confucius towards Women Introduction No one would not recognize that Confucius until now has a great impact not only to China and to its neighbors such as Japan, Korea, and Vietnam but as well as to other countries that his teachings had traveled through. His thoughts had deeply penetrated into their culture believing that they were the right virtues to do for their daily living. But one of his teachings is now questioned and this is his attitude against women. As change of time goes by, even his descendants had now realized what women should be in this changing society. Biography of Confucius and the role of women in his life Confucius was believed to have been born 551 BC, at the city of Qufu, of the state of Lu (now modern day province of Shandong). His ancestry is said to have originated from the Royal State of Song, but had fled because of turmoil. It is also believed that Confucius was an illegitimate child because his father had not been given a healthy son by his first wife. According to Peterson (2008), Confucius belongs to the gentry or those who owned a large farm. But contrary to this, it is also believed that three years after Confucius was born, his father died and he together with his mother lived in poverty (Chien, 1978). Confucius then strived hard to rise starting from being a livestock caretaker, clerk and bookkeeper. At an early age of 19, he married Qi Quan then they had a child when he was 20. At the age of 23, his mother died and he had offered a three years mourning for her. According to the Temples of Confucius, he had became a Justice Minister of Lu at 53 but the sources of Peterson contradicts to this event saying that though Confucius wanted to had a position, he never had at least one and he had only spent his life teaching others who had the same wish to gain position. These discrepancies about the biography of Confucius is said to have its root to the many legendary accounts being attributed unto him by his historian followers later in his life. His ideas about wives in relation to husbands As a teacher of men who wants to rule, one discipline he had taught unto them is their relation to their wives. To start, he had a perception that women are the lone producers of disorders and this should not be blamed as something sent by the heaven. He regards them as cannot be taught nor instructed thus making them inferior to man. He also then gave an advice that â€Å"husbands should maintain a certain distance to his wife. † A philosopher from the Han dynasty wherein Confucian teachings had been first widely adopted, Ban Gu had explained that women should not make the initiative before man, because â€Å"yin is lowly, and it proceeds to the yang in order to be completed. † Known women by that time had also supported this idea of Confucius, Zhao had admitted that women are weak and lowly, and their primary duty is to serve their husband. She also says that men could remarry twice, but women could not. But she ended her passage by paying respect to their gender, saying that as â€Å"man is honored for strength; a woman is beautiful for her gentleness. † Another saying pertains to the acts that should be done by court ladies, stating that â€Å"A husband is heaven, and Heaven cannot be shirked. † According to another record from the Han dynasty entitled Ritual and Book of Rites, daughter-in-laws should act as a lower class to his husband’s parents. Whatever she wants to do, she should first ask permission from them. According then to Nu Lun Lu, this one coming from the Tang Dynasty, says that a husband-wife relationship should be of man’s strength and woman’s weakness, that a wife should just be quiet and blame herself every time his husband is angry, that a wife should not leave his husband especially when he is sick. His ideas about the role of mothers in relations to sons Speaking of Confucius attitude about mothers, I might suggest that his teachings would had been influenced by his personal experiences with his father assuming that it is true that Confucius is an illegitimate child because his father divorced his first wife because she could not give him at least one healthy son. According to the famous disciple of Confucius named Mencius, â€Å"there are only three uncivil acts, the greatest of them is not producing a son. † But even though a mother could not give a son, he had not excluded her with the respect her child should give back to her. He had also regarded that mothers are the first source of education of their children. His thinking about contacts with other states, including both trade and war as being affected by his attitude to women As he emphasized that women should be at the lowest level in the human society, his thinking about contacts with other states is that it should only be run by males and not by the inferior females. He strongly suggests that women should only be kept inside the bedroom to serve his husbands after a hard day’s work. Every work outside the house such as trading then is only of male-concerns, so thus also being a soldier at times of war. Justification As time had changed, people are now realizing that Confucius idea about the inferiority of women in the society had also changed. Basing on my opinion, Confucius had stated those teachings just to stress out the need of his province for men who would rule and protect it at times of war. He then perceived that women are belongings of men and a wife’s main duty is to give him a healthy son that would make sure the continuance of his bloodline. How to cite The Attitude of Confucius towards Women, Papers

Year 2000 And Computers Essay Example For Students

Year 2000 And Computers Essay The year 2000 represents more than just an end to the 1900s. For computersworldwide, it can mean major problem. When software for many of the businesscomputers in use today was in development, many programmers tried to save spaceby programming computers only to deal with years in the 20th century. Today,though, many computer users discover problems anytime they are dealing with adate that falls after the next turn-of-the-century. When calculations involvingthe year 2000 or after come up on the computer screen, many computers only read00 and not know the correct date. They malfunction or fail. The loomingprospect of disabled computer systems and paralyzed enterprises around the worldmakes the year 2000 one of the most critical and universal challenges to everface the IT industry, the magazine Managing Office Technology reported inDecember 1997 ( Marcoccio and Matthew, online). Talking of GartnerGroupresearch, it added, While the date change crisis has achieved maximumawareness, 30 per cent of all companies worldwide have not yet started on anyYear 2000 compliancy efforts, and 40 percent have not progressed to a pointwhere they will be certain not to encounter significant mission-criticalfailures by 2000. Having the most problems are health, care, education,government agencies and small and medium-sized companies (Marcoccio, online,1999)Large companies seem to be the farthest along, perhaps because they havethe greatest resources from which to pull money and help. The leading largecompany industry is insurance, with financial services trailing just slightly,and banking behind that. Yet many businesses have been hard at work trying toupdate their source code, sometimes by reprogramming and sometimes by replacingrather than reprogramming software. Sometimes they must replace with a vendorpackage, retire the application, or even get rid of the entire businessprospect. Managing Office Technology said that most enterprises expect to repairat least 40 percent of their a pplications (Marcoccio and Matthew, online, 1997). The effort is expected to cost nearly a trillion dollars, and some say therearent enough knowledgeable programmers to fill the demand for these fixes. Upgrading software has become a booming business, one that some say isntbooming enough to meet all the demand. While mainframes may have the biggestproblem, desktops arent immune, even if they have been manufactured fairlyrecently. PCs manufactured in the past two years have exhibited someBIOS-related year 2000 problems. These are low-level instructions for thekeyboard, monitor, and disk drives. Craig Luis, computer service manager atLinfield College in McMinnville, OR, said he just bought a logic board lastNovember and it wasnt year 2000 compliant. To cope with this problem some arebuying a millennium bug fix and detection tool as part of a Nuts BoltsDeluxe utility suite for PCs (Ung, online, 1998). No individual, company, orcountry is immune because many computer programs are inter-linked and becausethere arent enough engineers and programmers available to deal with it even ifthey knew where to look and what to do, according to the paper The Year2000 Computer Problem, put out by A ction 2000. Industries in the UnitedStates, Canada, and Australia lead the pack in dealing with the problem, whileWestern Europe, South Africa, Japan, and other countries follow. Parts of Asia,central Africa, central South America, Mexico, Thailand, and other countries arebehind even farther (Marcoccio, online, 1997). To cope with the situation,Europe has set up Action 2000 to coordinate public sector contingency planningso that public services such as telecommunications, health services, transportmanagement systems, social security, and emergency services do not suffer majordisruptions. The European Commission also is concerned because the need forprogrammers comes at a time when Europe is trying to change to one currency, andthe workload may be too much for the available manpower to handle. Not only isthere that problem, but the workload overseas has been hampered by extensivecomputerized preparations for the introduction of a single currency in 1992 (Bevins,online, 1998). Its not just mainframe computers that have the problem. Securityalarms, credit card machines, elevators, and hundreds of other appliances withcomputer chips could fail, says U.S. Rep. Stephen Horn (The Year 2000 online,1997). He says the U.S. government is only 20 percent ready. Although warningsare very clear, governments are slow to act. While the U.S. Senate has at leasttwo bills in committee, the U.S. House of Representatives passed H.R. 3116 inFebruary. The Examination Parity and Year 2000 Readiness for FinancialInstitutions Act requires federal financial regulatory agencies to offerseminars to financial institutions on the implications of the Year 2000 problemand tell them how to solve the common problems. It also extends authority to theOffice of Thrift Supervision and the National Credit Union Administration toexamine the operations of service corporations or other entities that performservices under contract for thrifts and credit unions (House, online, 1998)Computers

Modern Gadgets free essay sample

The researchers made a thorough research on the different writings and gathered the studies conducted from various sources such as, Internet, articles, blogs, theses, books and other researches in relation to the study. These sources helped the researchers gather relevant information for their study. Literature to be discussed includes usual functions of modern gadgets, how much do students use the gadgets and most essential function of gadgets. Modern Gadgets. According to a dictionary definition, â€Å"A gadget is a small tool or device that has a specific useful purpose and function. Gadgets tend to be more unusual or cleverly designed than normal technology. † In today’s life, we try to maximize our tasks within an allotted time. With the use of modern gadgets, it is possible to accomplish our daily tasks and we are also able to do our work with efficiency. We cannot even dare to imagine our life without smart phones, cell phones, laptops, tablets, iPods and so on (Tech Crates, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Gadgets or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Today’s gadgets are one of the ways we can make our life more comfortable and easier. Similarly, Shy (2010) says that no one can deny the fact that gadgets have not only simplified our lives but also made them more comfortable and luxurious. Indeed, these gadgets really made a huge impact in our lives and became part of it. Functions of Gadgets. The usual functions of gadgets can be grouped into three categories. Gadgets are used as a learning tool (e. g. , E-books, SmartBoards, Wikipedia, Google, online dictionaries and notebooks), communication tool (e. g. , SMS, PMS, call, chat, video message), and recreation tool (e. g. , playing games, listening to music, watching movies or videos, taking pictures). In reality, technology is often blamed for shortening the attention span of students and distracting them from their studies. More gadgets, however, are crossing the line between attention-diverting nuisances and education-enhancing tools. Perfect for today’s digital-savvy students, those tech learning devices not only improve the learning experience, but also make it a more engaging one (Techademics). For students, today’s modern gadgets can be tremendous learning tools. These gadgets make it possible to quickly and instantly find information, share ideas and provide answers for some questions. According to some of the biggest distributors of today’s modern gadgets, their tablets, laptops and Android systems all help students increase productivity and, in effect, increase learning. It helps students with time management, organization and research. Using iPads has provided students and educators with the ability to create learning opportunities beyond a school environment. One of the benefits of using iPads is that these devices are highly customizable and can be adapted to suit the learning needs of every individual student. Students iPads can be customized with materials that are appropriate for various learning styles, levels, and speeds: podcasts, iBooks, iWork, and other multimedia apps, all offer a variety of approaches students can adopt for learning. iPads also provide apps for students to stimulate creative thinking and expression. The iMovie app, for example, allows students to use the iPad camera to make videos that they can incorporate in a science fair presentation or foreign language oral report, to name a few examples. iPads are also an effective tool for educators for designing and implementing lesson plans. The iTunes U app, for instance, allows teachers to create and organize materials and lesson plans into courses that students can then download on their iPads. Examples of what a course on iTunes U app might include are: assignments, articles, syllabi, handouts, videos, pictures, and podcasts. Furthermore, students are notified anytime a course is updated so that they always have access to the newest assignments. By keeping all of the class information in one place, it makes it easier for students to stay organized and spend less time searching for course materials and more time understanding them. The iPad therefore allows for closer interaction between teachers and students outside the classroom. Indeed, many users have called iPads a revolutionary learning tool that has helped children with autism learn how to communicate and socialize more easily. Indeed, many users have called iPads a revolutionary learning tool that has helped both students and educators (Boundless, 2011). A laptop can be very helpful in education field, especially in vocabulary learning through many activities that the students can do using this tool. Students can install vocabulary learning software in it. By connecting to the Internet, they can employ vocabulary game online. Moreover, a computer is completed with CD-Rom, so that the student can play English movies and song using it. The portability that the laptop offers, provides easiness and efficiency for the students to learn vocabulary. They can put it in a bag and bring anywhere they go. Then, whenever they get new vocabulary and want to know what the meaning is, they can turn on the laptop and search the meaning in software dictionary. The laptop is more useful in vocabulary learning than other tools. That statement is supported by Stockwell (2007, 2010). One of the most innovative educational concepts to come out for student personal use this year was the concept of an interactive and adaptive learning interface, embedded directly in the titles that students use, says Pilkington (2009). These dashboards actually provide feedback for the learners that let them know how effective their reading and learning time was by using algorithms to pinpoint which areas they have improved in based on their study habits. These methods are optimized by also judging the students’ confidence levels about the subject matter and targeting instruction to the areas that the learners feel they are weakest. Stringfellow (2013) stressed that tech gadgets promote learning not only for students, but also for children. Schools are increasingly using tablets and other tech devices in the classroom setting. Students are given set time frames with access to devices and are limited to specific programs and applications. In many cases, games are used to enhance the educational concepts taught using traditional instructional methods. Parents can also buy tablets designed for kids that are more durable and have additional safety features built in, such as parental controls and locked parent administrative areas. These tablets often have features like a learning platform where kids can complete various educational games and activities to earn points or currency, which they can then exchange for more applications. These devices provide a more educational alternative for children who prefer television or video games as leisure activities and they provide a valuable distraction for long car trips. Moreover, an article at Wired Academic, highlights an application that takes it one step further: The Be You Innovation Lab, which the article describes as using mobile to hack education, combines self-direction with a home school-like setup where students can pursue their educational requirements through engaging activities in line with their personal interests. This idea isnt quite mainstream yet, but its gaining momentum. As Google continues to be one of the technical marvels of our time, they have developed some amazing learning tools to help teach about science and our world. Everyone is just a click away from getting his/her questions answered and knowing vast information. This is possible, of course, with the use of today’s modern and high-tech gadgets. When it comes to communication, no one can deny that the role of gadgets is very important in this modern era. According to an article, gadgets are used in a wide number across our population as means of faster and much more effective communication. Numerous developments and advancements have already been made up until now to continue developing the well-being and comfort of human communication and interaction. Throughout the past century, one of the largest developments made in communication is the creation of the electronic mail or e-mails. Compared to the traditional snail mail, sending an email is much faster and easier. Mails of whatever size can be sent in a split second by the email. Marx (2012) explained that communication devices or gadgets affect nearly every area of life. Their broad range of applications make them crucial to society. They factor into the ways in which people are able to work, socialize, stay in touch with one another and conduct important research, among other activities. The number of people that an individual can communicate with on a daily basis is quite large due to the presence of the Internet. People use social media websites and networks to stay in touch with individuals they have not seen in decades or who live on the other side of the world. E-mail, video chat and other messaging devices allow people to send or respond to text or images in a matter of a few seconds. Furthermore, communication devices are certainly used to allow students to connect to children at other educational institutions via the web. Students, researchers and those with specialized interests use the Internet to speak with other specialists and to find out more information about their topic. Communication devices have also opened up new fields of possibilities for those entering college. Programs allow students to select from a number of specific disciplines and concentrations, such as graphic communications or audio and visual communication technology. These students will pave the way for even more technological advances in the field of communications. Modern Gadgets free essay sample The placid, laid-back lifestyle of yesteryear is gone and passed. Todays society focuses on doing as much as you can in the little amount of time the day allots you. Because of this, technology, gadgets, and electronics run our everyday lives. Most people wouldnt know what to do if they didnt have smart phones to check their e-mails at any time and any place, nor would they be able to keep connected to family, friends, and coworkers while they are on-the-go. Laptops, iPods, netbooks, and cell phones are luxuries we use every single day without a second thought. It is apparent that we, as a society, rely a great deal on the newest gadgets and electronics to make our lives easier and more convenient. The list of important gadgets and electronics reaches far beyond just those for keeping up communication. As we wake up every weekday morning, it is usually to the beeping of an alarm clock. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Gadgets or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Not many individuals would make it to work on time if they had to rely on their internal body clocks to wake them up precisely at the same time every morning. While you get ready for work, you may flip on the television to check out the mornings news, or turn on the radio to listen to your favorite tunes while you get dressed and ready. Did you make a cup of coffee before you left your house for work? If so you have already used a number of different electronics and gadgets that just made your morning go smoother and easier than if you didnt own these items. Most individuals understand the importance of gadgets and electronics in our everyday life, but most dont realize the scope at which it reaches. Technology affects all aspects of our lives. Without advancements in the medical field and electronics provided by doctors offices and hospitals, our life expectancy would not be near what it is today. MRI machines, many lifesaving invasive surgeries, and a number of preventative procedures would not be available if it was not for advancements in gadgets and electronics. At this point in our lives, these aspects go beyond just convenience and stretch to almost necessary for health and happiness. Whether its the GPS you use to get to unfamiliar destinations, or the iPod you use to listen to your favorite music while working out, or even the wine refrigerator you use to store your amazing wine collection at the perfect temperature, these gadgets and electronics improve our quality of life to its highest extent making everyday living easy, convenient, and fun

Insectivores - Insectivora - The Animal Encyclopedia

Insectivores - Insectivora - The Animal Encyclopedia Insectivores (Insectivora) are a group of mammals that include hedgehogs, moonrats, shrews, and moles. Insectivores are generally small mammals with nocturnal habits. There are about 365 species of insectivores alive today. Most insectivores have small eyes and ears and a long snout. Some do not have visible ear flaps but have a keen sense of hearing. They have clawed toes on each foot, and the pattern and number of their teeth are rather primitive. Some insectivores such as otter-shrews and moonrats have a long body. Moles have a more cylindrical body, and hedgehogs have a round body. Some insectivores such as tree moles and shrews are adept tree climbers. Insectivores rely more on their sense of smell, hearing, and touch than their vision and some species of shrews can navigate their environment using echolocation. The bones in the inner ear of insectivores are different than other mammals. They lack an ossified temporal bone, and the tympanic membrane is attached to a bony tympanic ring while their middle ear is closed off by surrounding bones. Insectivores live in terrestrial habitats around the world. Additionally, some species of insectivores inhabit aquatic environments while others burrow. Moles spend most of their time below ground in their tunnels they excavate. Shrews generally live above ground and build burrows for shelter and sleeping. Some species live in boggy areas where rotting vegetation, rocks, and rotting logs are common. Other species inhabit arid regions including deserts. Moles and shrews are usually active throughout the year. Hedgehogs are easily recognized by their rotund shape and spines. Their spines consist of tough keratin and serve as a defense mechanism. When threatened, hedgehogs roll into a tight ball so their spines are exposed and their face and belly are protected. Hedgehogs are mostly nocturnal. As their name implies, insectivores feed on insects and other small invertebrates such as spiders and worms. The diet of insectivores is not restricted to invertebrates and also includes a wide variety of plants and animals. Water shrews feed on small fish, amphibians, and crustaceans while hedgehogs feed on birds eggs and small vertebrates. Many species of insectivores locate their prey using their keen sense of smell or by using their sense of touch. The star-nosed mole, for example, not only has a sharp sense of smell, but it also has a nose with many small and touch-sensitive tentacles that enable it to find and capture their prey. Classification Animals Chordates Mammals Insectivores There are four living subgroups of insectivores. These include the hedgehogs, moonrats, and gymnures (Erinaceidae); the shrews (Soricidae); the moles, tree moles and desmans (Talpidae); and the solenodons (Solenodontidae). Insectivores are thought to be most closely related to bats, hoofed mammals, and carnivores. The classification of insectivores is not well understood. Insectivores have a primitive mammalian body plan and are in many ways generic in their appearance. For this reason, insectivores have been classified in several other mammal groups in the past such as the tree shrews or elephant shrews. Additionally, some adaptations insectivores exhibit are convergent with the adaptations of other groups- a fact that further confuses the proper placement of insectivores within the mammals. Previous classification schemes once placed tree shrews and elephant shrews in the insectivores, but today they are classified in their own separate orders. It is possible that other animal groups such as golden moles may be removed from the insectivores as new information comes to light. Evolution Insectivores are considered to be among the most primitive groups of mammals. Some primitive traits insectivores still exhibit include a small brain and testes that do not descend into a scrotum.

Whats a Good 7th Grade ACT

What's a Good 7th Grade ACT / SAT Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT / ACT is incredibly important for many students. It's used to determine admissions into talent programs like Duke's TIP or Johns Hopkins CTY. It's also a good predictor of future college potential. But how do you know what a good SAT / ACT score is for someone in middle school? Here, Dr. Fred Zhang does a novel analysis on two data setsto find what is considered a good score for middle school students. The ACT andSAT Are Made for High School Students. What Does This Mean for You? First, a bit of background is needed. The ACT / SAT is primarily used as ahigh schooltest forcollegeadmissions. This means a few things. The SAT is normed at 500 points per section, while the ACT is normed around a 20. Norms are enforced average scores for high school students. Check out these links if you want to know more about what's a good ACT score for a high school student, or what's a good SAT score for a high school student. If you use atable for high school students to examine a middle school student's score, your results will be completely wrong. You need to use a guide, like this one, that is specifically crafted for middle school students. Also, remember that the content on the ACT / SAT is high-school level, including geometry and topics usually tested in US high schools. Therefore, performing badly on these tests in middle school should not be taken as a lack of ability - sometimes it's just the result of never having learned the content. How We Found the Data Few 7th graders take the SAT / ACT, so finding out what's a good or bad score is not as easy as looking at a table of percentiles from the test makers. Instead, we use two unique data sets: the Duke TIP program data set and the John Hopkins CTY data set. (In regards to the new SAT, we came up with these estimates based on data from the old version of the SAT, but we expect them to stay pretty accurate for the new version of the testthat will have its first administrationin March 2016.) These are groups of very talented 7th graders who take the SAT / ACT, so we can't just take the average and distribution of these data sets to look for an average for all 7th graders. Instead, we used a statistical technique called quantile matching / maximum likelihood to infer the distribution of all 7th graders. The two data sets agree, and here arethe results. Results: Distribution of 7th Grade ACT / SAT Scores The average scores of a 7th grade student are lower than those of a high school student. In fact, we find that the scores on the SAT are a full 400points lower, while the scores on the ACT are about 10 points lower. Therefore, the SAT score of the median7th grader is about a 300 per section on the SAT, while the ACT score of the median7th grader is about a 10. A standard deviation in the SAT is around 100 points per section, and is around a 6 on the ACT. This means that the scores translate as follows: Interpretation Percentile ACT Score SAT Score Below Average 25% 4 200 Average 50% 10 300 Above Average 75% 16 400 Excellent 95% 23 500 What this data shows us is that, if you score about an 10 on the ACT or a 300on each section of the SAT (or a 600 with both sections combined), you're getting about the average score for a 7th grader. If you score around a 4on the ACT or a 200for each SAT section, then about three-quarters of other 7th graders would have a higher score than you. What's a Good SAT / ACT Score for a 7th Grader? From the table above, we can conclude that a good SAT / ACT score for 7th graders, a score that beats three-quarters of similar students in the USA, is a 16 on the ACT and an 800on the SAT. However, as I warned above, the SAT / ACT is not intended to evaluate 7th graders, so don't despair if your score is lower than this. You can always boost it later by learning the content and studying more. How Can 7th Graders Prepare for the SAT / ACT? Now that you know what a good standardized test score for a 7th grader is, how can you keep improving your score until it's where you want it to be? We have a lots of guides to help you understand the SAT and ACT. First, you will want to decide if you should start preparing for the SAT or ACT in 7th grade.If you decide to take one of these tests in 7th grade, check outthis guide that explains how 7th graders can begin their test preparation for the SAT or ACT. Practice tests are very important for standardized test prep as well, and we have manyfree and official SAT practice tests and ACT practice tests. You mightalso be interested in preparing forstandardizedtests that students typically take before the SAT and ACT. We have complete guides to both the new PSAT and the ACT Aspire tests. Use these resources and you'll be well on your way to getting a strong score the next time you take the SAT or ACT! What's Next? The college admissions process has become so competitive that it's helpful to plan well in advance for SAT/ACT prep during high school. Here are a few guides to help your thinking: How long before the SAT should you study? Can you start test prep even in middle school? Is it appropriate? Want to score a perfect SAT or ACT score? Read our guide to scoring the maximum SAT score possible, written by our resident perfect scorer. (ACT edition here). Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT and ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160+ points or your ACT score by 4+ points. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Property Management and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Property Management and Law - Essay Example The terms and conditions under said contract include full repairing obligation by the tenant and seven rent reviews for rent increases only. Brimsdown Spring pays its rents promptly and has abided by all terms and conditions, so far. The term is about to expire on 24 March 2011. In Smalls’ letter, he expressly requested for new tenancy that would include the same length of time as the existing one, but under more favourable terms to them: Landlord takes over responsibility over structure, roof and exterior of the building and; a reduction of the present rent of ?43,500 a year to ?37,500 a year. Mr Smalls also made mention of a newly constructed commercial estate nearby that leases units at ?37,500 a year. RECOMMENDATIONS The Landlord can answer the letter indicating his objection. Such exchanges of communication, however, are not official because they are not in the prescribed form. In the meantime, the landlord can wait for the tenant to formalise its request using the correc t form and oppose the application, or failing that, he can serve his own notice to quit and refuse a new tenancy before the end of 12 months following the expiration of the lease period. RATIONALE Part II of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 generally grants security of tenure to leases whose terms go beyond 6 months as implied under s 43(3)(a) of said Act, but this can be opposed by the landlord on any of the grounds allowed by law. This implies that security of tenure is applicable to Brimsdown Spring as a lessor, which further means that despite the expiration of the lease terms it will still be entitled to occupy the premises and continue the lease. Such continuity of lease despite the expiration of the lease period exists until the landlord serves it a notice to quit under s 25 and it serves a counter-notice to renew the lease or it initiates an application to request a new lease. In that case, the court decides for or against any of the parties. The tenant may also initiate the process by a request to renew the lease and the landlord either accepts it or opposes by going to court on any of the grounds allowed by law. In the case of Brimsdown Spring, the letter requesting for a new tenancy does not have any effect. It was not sufficient to serve as a request for new tenancy under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 because s. 26(3) thereof expressly states that the request shall not be effective if not contained in the prescribed form setting out the details of the proposals of the tenant such as the new period, the rent and other conditions. Under Schedule 1 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954, Part 2 (Notices) Regulations 2004, a request for new tenancy must be made using Form 3 in Schedule II of the aforesaid Regulations. It can be noted in Form 3 that the date of which the proposed new tenancy begins to take place must be indicated whilst a list of the proposed new terms and conditions must be attached to it. Since Brimsdown Spring’s letter had no effect as a request for new tenancy, the Landlord is therefore, free to initiate the termination of the contract under s. 25 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954. The prescribed form for this is Form 2, or Landlord’s Notice Ending a Business Tenancy and Reasons for Refusing a New One,

Schedule and Cost Control Techniques College Essay

Schedule and Cost Control Techniques College - Essay Example As a project manager of this important project, I believe the success of this project is my responsibility and I believe that in order to make it a success, the costs and schedules associated with this project need to be considered and management effectively. Since Project management is a very delicate job and requires the necessary skills and aptitudes to implement and execute them as smoothly as one can. However, it is always possible that the earlier estimates made, schedules prepared may go awry as the future is always uncertain. This means that project managers may not always meet their targeted budgets and schedules. As a first step to review the schedules and control processes, it is very important that project managers must ensure their weekly review. This would allow the necessary flexibility and control over the various cost processes and may provide necessary insight into the overall direction of project. A new project like this requires change and one of the most important issues which modern project managers face is the fact that change is not easily get accepted. In order to make this happen, it is very important that the same is being get accepted. This is also important because of the fact that implementation of the new system would certainly add up new processes which employees has to perform.

Wind Powered Battery Charger Engineering Essay

Wind Powered Battery Charger Engineering Essay Renewable energy is a burning issue nowadays; different energy resources are being analyzed, tested and improved in order to replace non renewable energy resources. Wind is one of the renewable energy resources which is available in abundance, especially in Europe, huge amount of energy can be produced by using windmills and then this energy can be saved for later usage. This project looks at the brief history of windmills; their past usage, present usage and future. In addition to this, a prototype circuit is also build which utilizes wind energy to charge 4.5v battery when wind energy is less and 12v battery is charged when high energy is produced by the wind. In addition to this, future recommendations are also made to improve the circuit design. Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my supervisors, Mr. Nader Anani. He has been giving me his professional advice and guidance throughout the duration of this work. It was his support and confidence in me that led me to successfully complete this project. It has been a pleasure working under his supervision. I wish to dedicate this thesis to my family who I dearly love and respect. Table of Contents Introduction In the near future renewable energy resources like solar and wind energy will be replacing conventional non renewable energy resources. Non renewable energy resources are limited in their availability and are running out quickly due to their vast use in the modern society. [1] We rely on coal, oil and gas for running our industries; now that these resources are becoming scarce it is our responsibility to look for other forms of energy so that the future generations do not suffer due to this shortage. A lot of research is being carried out to select a reliable energy resource that can meet the energy demands of the future, which is reliable and efficient. Energy plays important role in various forms to let human being accomplish different tasks and makes human life easier and more comfortable, from the basic electrical energy that drives electrical and electronic machines and Internet to the kinetic and mechanical energy of vehicles, planes, and all other speedy sources of locomotion. The modern technological world has its own merits and demerits and challenges and issues which are accompanied with it as a result of scientific and industrial revolution and technological advancement. However with exponentially increasing use of devices and equipments requiring power and energy, these sources of energy saw the dreadful event of shortage and rareness. Hence scientists and researchers throughout the world started working on these burning issues and this gave birth to the field of renewable energy. This project is an attempt to develop a system which utilizes wind energy to efficiently charge up batteries that can be later used as a form of energy. Aim The aim of this project is to design, construct and test a battery charger fed from a wind energy source. Objectives Objectives of the current project are given below: Literature review and investigation of wind energy and its history Proposal of hardware design to build a wind powered battery charger Development of prototype circuit for charging batteries using Wind Energy Testing and analysis of the developed system Discussion on the results obtained Recommendations for the future work System Block Diagram Block diagram of the proposed system is given below: Figure : System Block Diagram As clearly illustrated in the system HLD, wind energy will rotate the wind turbines and by using generator within the wind turbines mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy, this electricity generated by the generator is unregulated and full of harmonics, in order to regulate this supply of electricity a regulator is required which in turn can be used to charge the battery. Report Structure This report will give an overview of the techniques and methods used to achieve the final product. 1) Introduction: This chapter discusses the aim, objectives, and explains the circuit block diagram. Figure : Breakdown of Report 2) Literature review: This section of report concentrates on the literature review regarding wind turbines and their use in modern day energy market. In addition to this technical information regarding components used for this project is also given. 3) Method: Method illustrates the detailed experimental procedures and different stages which are completed in order to attain the end product. 4) Results: The results obtained which are related to the performance of the finished product are given in results section. 5) Discussion and Conclusions: Further discussions on the results and the conclusions drawn after the completion of the project is presented in the fifth chapter. 6) Future work: This chapter presents possible ideas that can be implemented on the designed prototype, to achieve different kind of benefits. 7) References: References of information taken from internet. It also contains Bibliography section with details of the books and the texts, articles, magazines and the data sheets used. 8) Appendices: The appendix contains data sheets of the components use in this project. Literature Review Literature Review of this project is divided in following main sections: History and introduction of wind turbines Modeling of wind energy and generator History and Introduction of wind turbines In the beginning, a structure comprising of blades in the form of a fan was known as a windmill which was used to grind grain and pump water using wind energy. This windmill was later on developed to generate electricity and was renamed a wind turbine. [3] On the other hand a wind turbine is a machine which extracts energy from wind to generate electricity by the rotation of propeller like blades that drives a generator through shafts and gears present within it. It is a rotating machine which converts kinetic energy from wind into mechanical energy and this mechanical energy is converted into electricity using a generator. [4] File:Veladero 01.png Figure 3: Wind Turbine in Hilly Area [3] History: A wind turbine is a machine which extracts energy from wind to generate electricity by the rotation of propeller like blades that drives a generator through shafts and gears present within it (Britannica, 2011). It is a rotating machine which converts kinetic energy from wind into mechanical energy and this mechanical energy is converted into electricity using a generator. Since ancient times, man has harnessed the power of the wind to provide motive power for transportation. Likewise, the technique of grinding grain between stones to produce flour is similarly ancient, and widespread. Where and when these two came together in the first place is unknown, but a likely scenario suggests a Persian origin, from where the knowledge spread back into Northern Europe as a result of the Crusades. [4] Since the Persian mills were quite unlike the early European designs it seems just as likely that the adaptation of wind as a power source was independently discovered in Europe. Of course wind was not the first non-human power source applied to the task of grinding corn as it was preceded by both animal power, and in all probability by water power. European millwrights became highly skilled craftsmen, developing the technology tremendously and as Europeans set off colonizing the rest of the globe, windmills spread throughout the world. The basics of windmill design include those built by the British, who developed many advanced control mechanisms over the centuries, and the Dutch who used windmills extensively to pump water and for industrial uses, as well as to grind grain. [5] As steam power developed, the uncertain power of the wind became less and less economic, and we are left today with a tiny fraction of the elegant structures that once extracted power from the wind. These remaining windmills, seen all over the world, are a historic reminder of a past technological age. A number of mills have been restored either visually or in some cases back to full working order. However the promise of widespread power from the wind lives on both in the form of wind turbines producing electricity, and in the form of small scale wind pumps often largely low-tech installations still used extensively in the world of agriculture. [2] File:Wind turbine 1888 Charles Brush.jpg Figure 4: An old wind farm[4] Wind Power in Afghanistan: Wind power has been used for more than 2000 years and the first windmill used for mechanical purposes was built in Afghanistan in the 7th Century. This was a vertical axis windmill with rectangular shaped blades which was six to twelve sails covered in reed matting and was used to grind corn and drawing water. windmill39 Figure 5: Historical wind mill in Afghanistan [1] Wind Power in Britain: Evidence of windmills in England dates from the 12th century, with earlier references to mills generally held to be talking about either animal or water powered mills. The 14th and 15th centuries provide evidence of what the early mills looked like with illustrations in diverse media such as memorial brasses, stained glass, and wood carvings, as well as the expected manuscript records. These early illustrations all showed the simple all wooden post mill structure. The first illustration was shown in the late 1270 A.D which was a four bladed mill mounted on a central post. This was known as the post mill and was already a fair technologically advanced setup as compared to the Persian mills. These mills used wooden gears for the motion of the horizontal shaft to vertical movement to turn a grind stone. [4] Wind Power in Holland: As early as 1390 the Dutch set out to refine a design known as the tower mill. This was actually a standard post mill affixed to the top of a multi story tower with separate floors devoted to grinding  grain, removing chaff, storing grain and living quarters for the wind-smith and his family. Both the post mill as well as the tower mill designs had to be adjusted according to the wind manually. This was done by pushing a large lever at the back of the mill. Also optimizing the windmill energy and power output plus protecting the mill from damage by furling the rotor sails during storms was the main job of the wind-smith. [1] Improvement in the design of the Wind mill: A primary improvement in the design of the European mills was the use of sails that generated aerodynamic lift. This feature improved the rotor efficiency as compared to the Persian mills by allowing an increase in rotor speed and hence which resulted in superior grinding and pumping action.[5] The process of perfecting the windmill as well as making incremental improvements towards its efficiency took 500 years. By the time the process was completed the windmill sails had major features which were recognised by modern designers as being crucial to the performance of modern wind turbine blades. Some models also featured aerodynamic brakes, spoilers, and flaps. windmill Figure 6: Mid 20th Century Windmill [4] While continuing well into the 19th century the use of large tower mills declined with the increased use of steam engines. The next step in the development of wind power occurred many thousands of miles to the west. [1] Wind Power in the USA: For hundreds of years the most important application of windmills at the subsistence level has been mechanical water pumping. This was done using relatively small systems with rotor diameters of one to several meters. These systems were perfected in the United States during the19th century. It initiated with the introduction of Halladay windmill in 1854, and continuing to the Aermotor and Dempster designs. [4] The most significant modification of the American fan shaped windmill was the development of steel blades in 1870. These could be made lighter and worked into more efficient shapes. But, they worked so well that their high speed required a reduction in gear to turn the standard reciprocal pumps at the required speed. [1] In the late 19th century, advancement was made to the original design and a new type of wind mill known as the multi-blade windmill was manufactured. This design was used in the first large windmill in order to generate electricity. Wind Power in Denmark: Poul la Cour was the pioneer of electricity generating wind turbines and he published a journal based on wind power during the same year. Also it was reported that by 1918 around 120 local utilities in Denmark had a wind turbine. The approximated size was from 20 to 35 kW. At that time the wind turbines covered 3 percent of Danish electricity consumption and Danish interest in wind power increased at a high rate. [4] During the World War, the Danish engineers built a number of two as well as three bladed wind turbines although their concept is a three bladed machine. This type of turbines was used in areas usually based on a wind-diesel setup which ran the electricity supply system. The systems used designs focused on DC (direct current) generators to satisfy their needs but in 1951 these DC generators were replaced with AC (alternating current) generators and therefore became the second wind turbine to generate AC. [5] In 1980, Christian Riisager, built a small 22 kW wind turbine in his back yard using an earlier design known as the Gedser Wind Turbine (three bladed wind turbine). His turbine design became a success within households around Denmark and this success gave the present day Danish wind turbine designers an inspiration. [3] This inspiration led them to design all their wind turbines and this trend started from 1980 to the present day. A new generation of wind turbines was developed in 1981 and that became a technological breakthrough for modern wind turbines throughout the world. The serial manufacturing of wind turbines started and Danish manufacturers had much more of a track record than companies and their individual countries. Another thing to note is that California, which is one of the biggest wind farms in the world, has about half of the wind turbines of Danish origin. 20th Century Developments and Modern Wind Turbines: In the past, the Dutch refined the windmill and adapted it for draining lakes and marshes and when settlers took this technology to the New World in the late 19th century, they began using windmills to pump water for farms and ranches, and later, to generate electricity for homes and industry. [5]20th century was the time when windmills were actually recognised as Wind Turbines. Across the plains they were used to pump water as well as to generate electricity but at the same time as new methods of utilising wind energy were being introduced this trend gradually spread around the world. windmill Figure 7: Evolution of Windmill Design in 20th Century At present the modern wind turbines are based on three blades using AC generators and output is rated in mega watts (MW) or giga watts (GW). Some modern wind turbines are based on four to five blades and they are being used on both AC and DC. The governing body is the World Wind Energy Association and as per their annual World Energy Report, a total number of 76 countries in the world are using wind energy for commercial purposes. The main countries that widely use wind turbines at present include USA, UK, France, Germany, Australia, Denmark, Spain and China. The countries that recently became users of wind energy resources are India, Pakistan and Turkey. These figures suggest an increase in use of high output wind turbines but currently mini or small wind turbines are available and are being used where they have an output power requirement ranging from a few watts (W) to kilo watts (kW). [3] For a long time individual wind turbines were installed to support single households but now this idea has been advanced to improve the usage of this energy. Nowadays, wind turbines are installed on a large area may that be land or sea. The output is connected to a grid system. Many countries have installed a number of wind farms across their plains and suitable windy locations but the largest on-land wind farm is known as Roscoe Wind Farm and is located in Texas, USA. This wind farm comprises of 627 wind turbines and a total installed capacity of 781.5 MW and provides enough power for more than 250,000 average Texan homes. It is located about 200 miles west of Fort Worth, and covers nearly 100,000  acres. The second largest wind farm is also located in Texas, USA. This wind farm is known as the Horse Hallow Wind Energy Centre and has 421 wind turbines that generate a total capacity of 735 MW. Out of the total 421, 291 of them are 1.5 MW wind turbines and 130 are 2.3 MW wind turbin es. The turbines are owned by Florida Power Light and the company operates 46 other wind farms throughout the US. [4] 1-rosco-wind-farm Figure 8: Wind farm in England [5] The largest Off-shore wind farm in the world is the Thanet wind farm. It is located in the North Sea about 7 miles off the coast of Kent, England. The wind farm has 100 turbines and has the capability produce enough energy a year to power more than 200,000 homes. The second largest offshore wind farm is called Horns Rev 2 and is located on Horns Reef in a shallow area off the westernmost point of Denmark. Horns Rev 2 consist of 91, Siemens wind turbines with a total generating capacity of 209  MW. [7] Thanet-wind-farm-opened-006 Figure 9: Off shore wind farm along the coast of Kent (England) [5] Future of Wind Turbines: It is predicted that wind energy will be the most cost effective source of electrical power in the near future. A good part of this prediction has been proven during the current energy rush so its reliability can easily be visualised for future. Recent improvements in wind turbines have shown that the trends which have led to the dramatic fall in the cost of wind energy are set to continue. Countries all over the world are setting their targets for wind power and it is estimated that about 22,000 MW, in the form of 40,000 wind turbines will be installed in the next 10 years. Europe is the hub of this global business and will continue to be as around six companies supply over half of the worlds wind turbines. [6] As more and more countries start using this reliable source of electricity, master plans are being set for the future. Already the USA, China, Germany and UK have set targets to build further wind farms and each one bigger than the other. As USA has currently the biggest on-land wind farms in the world, they would like to maintain that in the future. Around six wind farms are planned within the USA for the next 15 years and they should be able to maintain the record of largest wind farms in the world. One of the planned wind farms is the Alta Wind Energy Centre in the Mojave Desert California. This farm will have more than 600 wind turbines and when it is completed this will have the capacity to generate 1,550 MW of energy which is double the capacity of the largest existing wind energy farm. USA has no off-shore wind farm but their future plans include the installation and usage of this setup. [6] 20100730-193513-pic-977799504 Figure 10: Wind farm in China [6] China also plans to increase their usage of wind energy and they are also involved in future projects as well as developing wind farms. One of their future aspirations is the under construction Gansu Wind Farm. It has been estimated that when completed by 2020 and would have the output capacity of 10 Giga watt (GW). They also plan to reach 100 GW overall wind energy output by 2020 as other future wind farms are under construction. By that time it could be the largest capacity wind farm in the world. In the UK, wind energy is being used extensively and more plans have been set in place for the future. They have more plans to build off-shore wind farms instead of on-land ones as well as to increase the capacity of current setup. Another master plan is to build a wind turbine factory, run by the German giant company Siemens and is expected to complete by 2015. Germany is also involved in certain future projects as their current setup is highly dependable on wind farms. Currently around 20,301 on-land wind turbines are located in the German federal areas and the country has plans to build more wind turbine farms and reach a high capacity by 2020.They are planning more offshore wind energy as well and predict a capacity of about 10.000 MW by 2020. Most of these off-shore farms will be erected up to 20-60 km away from the coastline. energy-frozen-fish-wind-farms-turbines_18081_600x450 Figure 11: Modern wind farm in Germany [2] Types of Wind Turbines: Since the development of the wind turbines, numerous designs have been introduced and used worldwide. The difference in these designs was on the basis of size, output power and shape of the wind turbine. The largest wind turbine and the one with the most individual output power up to date is the Enercon-126. Its rated output is about 7 MW and its rotor diameter is 126 meters. Wind turbines can be divided into two basic types and this is determined by the way the turbine spins. One is the horizontal axis wind turbine and is most commonly used (FIG- 12) while the other one is the vertical axis wind turbines (FIG-13). [3]http://www.ecotownforleicestershire.coop/assets/images/masterplanImages/energyreportVertical-axis-wind-turbine.jpghttp://www.aboutgenerator.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/how-to-build-a-wind-turbine.jpg FIG 12 [9] FIG 13 [9] Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is the common style wind turbine which has a design similar to that of a wind mill and has blades that look like a propeller that spin on the horizontal axis. The main rotor shaft and electrical generator are at the top of the tower and are pointed into the wind. Small turbines are pointed by a simple wind vane placed square with the rotor (blades), while large turbines generally use a wind sensor coupled with a servo motor. [9] Since a tower produces turbulence behind it hence the turbine is usually pointed upwind of the tower. Wind turbine blades are made stiff to prevent the blades from being pushed into the tower by high winds. Since the turbulence leads to fatigue failures so most HAWTs are upwind machines. Since the blades always move perpendicularly to the wind they help receive power through the whole rotation. [9] Small wind turbines are being used extensively in off-grid systems like street lighting, phone booths, lighting up parking areas and public mobile chargers. These wind turbines are usually used with another device such as solar panels and are part of a setup. They are light, easy to install and reliable in all wind conditions. Green-Column2 Figure 14: Green Column [1] Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is when the main rotor shaft is arranged vertically.   The main advantage of this arrangement is that the wind turbine does not need to be pointed into the wind and can be most reliable on sites where the wind direction is highly variable or turbulent. In a VAWT the generator and other main components can be placed near the ground so the tower does not need to support it. It is difficult to mount these type of turbines on towers so they are often installed nearer to the base on which they rest, such as the ground or a building rooftop. The wind speed is slower at a lower altitude which means less wind energy is available so air flow near the ground and other objects can create turbulent flow resulting in issues like vibration. However, when a turbine is mounted on a rooftop, the building will generally redirect the wind over the roof and this doubles the wind speed at the turbine. [9] There are two subtypes of VAWT: Darrieus wind turbines are commonly called Eggbeater turbines as they look like an eggbeater. They are highly efficient but produce large ripple and cyclic stress on the tower which will contribute towards low reliability. They generally require some external power source to start turning because the starting torque is very low. The torque ripple is reduced by using three or more blades which will result in a higher solidity for the turbine rotor. Solidity is measured by blade area over the rotor area and newer models of this type of turbines are not held up by guy-wires but have an external superstructure connected to the top. Savonius wind turbines is a drag type turbine and are commonly used in cases of high reliability in things such as ventilation systems. Because they are a drag type turbine they are less efficient than a common HAWT but they are excellent in areas of turbulent wind and self starting. Wind turbine manufacturers: As wind energy has become a widely used concept, a number of companies have introduced their designs and perfected them. The most popular companies around today are Enercon (Germany), Vestas (Denmark), GE Wind Energy (USA), Siemens Wind Power (Germany), RE Power (Germany), Sinovel (China), Goldwind (China) and Gamesa (Spain). All these companies are famous for manufacturing as per their own HAWT designs and their systems are being used worldwide. Enercon, Germany based company, is the only company to have made the most powerful and largest wind turbine in the world known as Enercon-126. They continue to work on more ideas and increase the output capability of their wind turbine. On the other hand Vestas which is a Denmark based company is the biggest manufacturer of wind turbines in the world. Most of their wind turbines and installed in Europe as well as USA and their orders keep on increasing day by day as per demand and dependence on wind energy. It was stated that most of the designs from other companies are actually modifications to the original design created by Vestas and this influence can be seen in their systems. [10] Other companies like GE Wind Energy and Siemens have made major contributions in the manufacturing and enhancing the capabilities of wind turbines of the present age and they are looking forward to the future for more opportunities to make themselves well known within the industry. [10] Small sized wind turbines made their way into the industry due to the need for smaller and off-grid systems. Marlec Renewable Power is one of the companies that initiated this type of wind turbines and they came up with the idea named Rutland wind turbines. Rutland wind turbines are being commonly used in UK and Europe these days but further international use has been planned due to the interest shown by foreign investors. Rutland wind turbines have current designs using 3 to 6 blades but they are mini versions of HAWT and no VAWT designs have been introduced up to date. They have mostly been used in off-grid systems and add a good combination to the environment surrounded by wind turbines. [10] Disadvantages of wind turbines: The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. Which means that wind turbines will not generate the same amount of electricity all the time as well as there will be times when they generate no electricity at all. Many people feel that the countryside should be left untouched so the landscape could be left in its natural form. Wind turbines are noisy as each one can generate the same level of noise as a family car at very high speed. People see large wind turbines as unattractive structures and not pleasant to look at. They could disfigure the countryside and might seem a horrible sight. Wind turbine construction can be very expensive and costly to the surrounding wildlife during the building and installation process. In some areas of wind farm developments birds have been found dead around the base of turbines. Many people think wind turbines are a great idea, yet a large proportion of these people would oppose a wind farm development close to their home due to their land price reduction as well as noise pollution. Modeling of wind energy and generator In order to develop the prototype circuit in the laboratory, wind energy has to be simulated along with the generator. At first it was decided to use a 12 volt manual generator which can be operated by hand to output 12v so that this can be fed for the rest of the circuitry. A cheap 12v Generator could not be found, very expensive models were available but it was decided not to buy them as it will increase the cost of the product dramatically. Finally, it was agreed that the 12v DC from the power supply will be used to simulate the output of the wind generator. Method Method section of this report throws light on the wind power battery charger circuit used and also explains different techniques used in order to build the prototype. Method section of this report can be sub divided in the following main categories: 1: Research regarding components used in this project 2: Circuit Design and Explanation 3: Circuit Construction Research regarding components used in this project At first it was decided to develop a battery management circuit from scratch by using analogue circuitry, buck converter and 555 timer or microcontroller in order to switch the buck converter, but after some research and investigation it was found that there are some specialized ICs available which can be used for managing battery charging circuits. Different verities of battery management IC were available from Liner technologies, Analogue devices, microchip and National Instruments: but selection criteria for the IC involved: a DIP package for easy prototyping, operating temperature range of -40 to +85à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, supply voltage rating of up to 18v and cheap in price. After some search through different vendor websites, LTC1042 seemed to be a suitable candidate for this particular application. After mutual consent it was decided to use LTC1042 as main charge management IC in this project. Circuit Design and Explanation Looking through the LTC1042 datasheet, it was discovered that this IC can be adopted for the needs of renewable energy resources and can easily manage different load types based on the amount of energy being produced at one particular time. Application notes of LTC1042 suggested a circuit for using this IC for managing wind powered battery charger. In order to prove the concept of the system, it is decided to build this circuit and experiment with it. Chosen Circuit: The circuit to be built is shown in the diagram below: Figure 15: Wind Powered Battery Charger Circuit Circuit Explanation This circuit behaves in a latching manner, i.e. depending upon the voltage being generated by the wind generator different type of load will be on and off. LTC1042 is a CMOS window and manages the turning on and turning off of different loads. This circuit contains two batteries and one load, its operation is summarized in the following lines: 1: If the generator output voltage is below 13.8v, charge regulator circuit is active and Ni-Cad battery will